Which statement best captures the primary purpose of Phase I Environmental Site Assessment?

• A. Phase II involves sampling; Phase III develops a remediation plan if contaminants are found.
• B. Phase II data collection ends Phase III.
• C. Phase II results are used to approve Phase III budget.
• D. Phase II involves sampling; Phase III develops a remediation plan if contaminants are found.

Answer: (D)

Phase I is about screening for potential environmental concerns and deciding whether a deeper investigation is needed. This assessment is non-intrusive and relies on records review, site reconnaissance, and interviews to spot indicators of possible contamination. It does not involve sampling or testing. If Phase I raises concerns, the next steps are Phase II, which involves actual sampling to characterize any contamination, and Phase III, which uses those results to develop a remediation plan or other actions. The statement describing Phase II and Phase III reflects the sequence of the later work, not the primary purpose of Phase I.